Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have negative effects on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Common cause for obesity in Bangladeshi people is Diet & Sedentary lifestyle.

Various genetic conditions that feature obesity have been identified (e.g. leptin receptor mutations, melanocortin receptor mutations).

Cephalosporins are bactericidal agents and have the same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins). All bacterial cells have a cell wall that protects them. Cephalosporins disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall, which  causes the wall to break down and eventually the bacteria die. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric component of the cell wall that provides rigid mechanical stability. The final transpeptidation step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan is facilitated by transpeptidases known as penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs bind to the D-Ala-D-Ala at the end of peptidoglycan precursors to crosslink the peptidoglycan.Cephalosporins mimic the structure of the D-Ala-D-Ala link and bind to the active site of PBPs, disrupting the cross-linking process. If the peptidoglycan fails to cross-link, the cell wall will lose its strength which results in cell lysis.

Cephalosporins have a β-lactam ring structure like that of penicillins. They are the largest and most diverse family of β-lactam antibiotics.

They are used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory infections (such as sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis), and skin infections.

Conventional NSAIDs: Examples - Diclofenac, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Ketoprofen, Indometacin.

Paracetamol is remarkably safe in recommended doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental overdoses are common.  

An overdose of paracetamol causes liver damage (hepatotoxicity). Single doses of paracetamol above 10 g, chronic doses over 6 g per day, or chronic doses over 4 g per day in patients with conditions which may increase susceptibility to paracetamol toxicity (e.g. alcoholism), can potentially cause liver damage. More rarely, paracetamol overdose can also cause severe kidney damage. The diagnosis of paracetamol overdose/toxicity include serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, and prothrombin time assay.

β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins, inhibit platelet aggregation responses, and some can induce a bleeding diathesis when given in high doses. These include carbenicillin, penicillin G, ticarcillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin, mezlocillin, oxacillin, and piperacillin.

Fever occurs when the body temperature is increased over 100°F (37.8°C). Fever is not by itself an illness. It's usually a symptom of an underlying condition, most often an infection. Many experts believe that fever is a natural bodily defense against infection.

Comparison of Paracetamol with NSAIDs 

1. Unlike aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol has no appreciable anti-inflammatory action. 

2. Paracetamol has analgesic properties comparable to those of aspirin. 

3. Aspirin and other NSAIDs commonly have detrimental effects on the stomach lining where prostaglandins serve a protective role, but paracetamol is safe. 

4. In recommended doses, paracetamol does not affect blood coagulation, or function of the kidneys. 

5. Paracetamol is safe in pregnancy, and does not affect the closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus as NSAIDs can. 

6. Like NSAIDs and unlike opioid analgesics, paracetamol has not been found to cause euphoria or alter mood in anyway. Both paracetamol and NSAIDs have the benefit of bearing a very low risk of addiction, dependence, tolerance and withdrawal.